What does the use of an unconsulted cloud-based tool by a marketing team in an IT context BEST exemplify?

The use of an unconsulted cloud-based tool by a marketing team in an IT context best exemplifies Shadow IT. Shadow IT refers to the practice where employees use applications and services without the approval or knowledge of the IT department. This can happen for various reasons, such as the desire for convenience, the need for speed in project execution, or the perception that certain tools will better meet their needs than the sanctioned options.

In this scenario, the marketing team is leveraging a cloud-based tool outside the purview of the IT department. While these tools can enhance productivity and collaboration, they pose significant risks regarding security, data integrity, and compliance, as IT may not be able to adequately monitor or protect data processed through these unapproved tools. Shadow IT showcases the ongoing challenge organizations face in balancing innovation and collaboration with necessary security measures.

The other options relate to distinct areas of cybersecurity. Careless password management pertains to not utilizing strong, unique passwords or failing to change them regularly, which isn’t directly relevant here. Insider threats are typically more about malicious actions taken by employees who have authorized access, rather than using unapproved tools. Nation-state, while a valid category for certain types of cyber threats, does not apply in this context as it implies external threats