Which access control theory is tied to the idea that users should have only the permissions they need?

The principle of least privilege is a foundational access control theory that asserts users should be granted only those permissions that are necessary for them to perform their specific job functions. This minimizes the potential risk of accidental or intentional misuse of sensitive information and critical system resources. By adhering to this principle, organizations can reduce the attack surface for potential breaches, as limiting access rights lowers the chances of unauthorized users obtaining sensitive data.

For example, a user who handles payroll should only have access to files and systems necessary for that purpose, rather than being granted access to the entire organization's data. This control mechanism not only enhances security but also ensures compliance with regulations that mandate the protection of sensitive data. Implementing this principle effectively can be a key component in a broader security strategy, ensuring that users cannot access data beyond what is essential for their roles.